Compare and Contrast Christians vs Muslims

As with most religions studied all around the world both Islamic and Christian faith are viewed as powerful and life changing lifestyle in a religious aspect. Although, they are both unique in their own way both religions have helped to shape the people in which they are practiced by. In the essay below you will encounter the differences and similarities which make these religions what they are to the people who practice them. Although, no one religion is greater than the other they are only as great as the people who vow to live them daily.Christian and Muslim faith have both help to develop the country, America as two of the most widely practiced religions, and although they are different they both have made positive impact in the development of the country. With a place like America, considering the freedom of the people, the views and morals and values of the people, who inhabit this beautiful country it is not hard to figure out why they call it the â€Å"melting pot. † D epending on who is describing its beauty, to most it would be known as the American dream, mostly to those who do no live here and want to come here.When people speak of America they speak of freedom, freedom to live as they want, freedom to say what they want, freedom to do as they want and the freedom to dream as they want. All of these things and more make up what America is known for. However, although, living freely is something that is precious to those who come here, one of the most important aspects to living freely as they would like is the fact that they are welcomed here no matter what religion. With religion being such a big part in most people's lives it is not uncommon to see people engaging in it everyday.Although there are many different religions, in America two of the most common religion happens to be Christianity and the Islamic religion, Muslim. Although, these two religions differ, they also have their similarities, both religions believe that there is only one true God that sends down a messenger to observe the people, they both believe in a better reward in the after life if they live their lives well and according to the commands of their God. Both religions rely on a books in which they use to guide them through life.They both praise and worship their Gods, although in different ways and they both practice certain commands of their God to show their appreciation for life given to them by the Gods they serve. However, to accurately pick apart these two religions, and translate their full value, would probably be impossible, because neither religion nor how it’s practiced is fully understood by the people who practice it. However, both do have their own views as to how things came about, how things should be done, and the consequences of not doing as their God would have them to do.To know the difference between the two, to understand that aspect, it is first important to understand what each religion is, and how they came about. Practicing Christianity means to practice a religion based on the belief in Jesus Christ. They believe that Jesus, by dying and rising from the dead, made up for the sin of Adam and thus redeemed the world, allowing all who believe in him to enter heaven. Christians rely on the Bible as the inspired word of God.The Bible is their book of direction, written by the disciples and followers of God and translated to them from Him so that the people will follow these directions for their daily lives. To them the word was breathed by God. It is even fair to say that one of the biggest differences between the two is that Christianity is more about the relationship with God rather than the religious practice. The Christian population believe that in order to truly worship God, one must get close to him and develop a relationship with him, with that, the closer you are to him, the more you will become like him.It is believed that God allows each and every Christian to develop and grow their own relationship with God so as to get to a place of love shared between the two. In a sense, if the love you have for God grows outside of a religious sense it is still acceptable by God, and the more the love grows the more you are accepted by him. Although, religious practices go hand in hand with worshiping him so the more love you have for God the more you will do at his command because you know it will show the love you have for him.Other big differences are the belief that God exist as one in three persons which includes The Father, The Son and the Holy Spirit. In the Muslim religion there is one God, or better known as Allah. Period. Its beliefs are different from the teaching of the Christian faith. To Muslims, there is but one God, and Jesus, is merely a prophet, just as Muhammad was, for the people, born a virgin, but created just as Adam and all mankind was. However, Muhammad is who was chosen by God. The people of Muslim faith do not believe in Jesus dying on the cross, because they do not believe thatGod would allow such a torturous death to one of his followers, with that though Christians believe the death was needed in order to show salvations for all the sins of the people. For the Muslim, the Qu'ran is their book of direction; however it was not created until after the bible. As the Christians believe that the Bible is the only holy word direct from God, Muslims believe the Qu'ran has just the same importance. Christians believe their bible to be the only word, and that nothing can be added or taken away from it which is exactly what the Islamic people did by erecting the Qu'ran.Because of these essential differences and contradictions, Islam and Christianity cannot both be true. The Bible and Qur’an cannot both be God’s Word. The truth has eternal consequences. As stated above both believe in an eternal reward for good deeds, but the way in which you receive them differ as well. In the Christian religion, Jesus died for all si ns and as long as his existence is believed and people repent of their sins they can be forgiven, only by God's grace and granted access to a heavenly existence after earthly existence is finished.As far the Islamic religion is concerned paradise is only earned by keeping the five pillars, which include: The testimony of faith. This means, â€Å"There is no deity but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. † A person can convert to Islam by stating this creed. The shahada shows that a Muslim believes in Allah alone as deity and believes that Muhammad reveals Allah. Prayer, Five ritual prayers must be performed every day. Giving, this almsgiving is a certain percentage given once a year. Fasting. Muslims fast during Ramadan in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.They must not eat or drink from dawn until sunset. Pilgrimage. If physically and financially possible, a Muslim must make the pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia at least once. This is performed in the twelfth m onth of the Islamic calendar. These five pillars, are what Muslim followers believe if lived by will assist them in obtaining eternal life with the God in which they serve. When comparing these two religions, the contrast is also apparent in their way of life as well. Education and marriage are also two things common in both religions and cultures but very different.One thing is certain when analyzing the union of marriage or the importance and significance of education in the Muslim faith, religion goes hand in hand with each of these subjects because faith and religious growth is what determines the lifestyle of Muslims in every aspect. The Qur'an lays out clear guidelines for marriage. One of the main traits you should look for in a potential spouse is a similarity in religious outlook. For the sake of compatibility, and the upbringing of future children, it is most recommended for a Muslim to marry another Muslim.However, in some circumstances it is permissible for a Muslim to m arry a non-Muslim. The engagement is the biggest part of the wedding. Once the father has found a groom for his daughter, the wedding plans start rolling. The father than receives a bag of money as a thank you from the man who is about to marry his daughter. These are the oldest form of arraigned marriages and dowry is still a very important part of the proceedings. This is a token of his gratitude and loyalty to his daughter. Muslim beliefs are very strict when it comes to their marriages and the relationships within them.The man in the relationship is just that. He runs the household and everything that needs to be taken care of. In a Muslim relationship, the woman is meant to reproduce and take care of the home while her husband is at work. As the wife you are required to give your husband the utmost respect in absolutely every way. You are also required to accept and deal with any punishment that he feels you require. These are the beliefs of a Muslim marriage. However, these pu nishments and disciplines are not handed out the way that the media would have you believe.While a modern woman in America would have no part of this type of marriage, Muslim women have been taught no other teachings, and the faith is to be respected. While both religions look to their religion to lead their marriage, the Islamic faith is more likely to follow theirs to the letter. Christians also believe in the sanction of marriage and believe the same principles such as not cheating and staying true to the spouse. But, Christians are less likely to follow every step in the process. The penalties in one religion are nothing compared to the penalties in another.If you are a Muslim woman you cannot divorce your husband, he can only divorce you, adultery is punishable with death by stoning and there are almost no second chances, because the faith of the Islamic people are so strong this is excepted. However, Christianity is quite different; a woman may divorce her husband. Both men an d women are equal in marriage and one does not rule the other. However the woman should submit to the man in order to help their marriage to be successful. To be educated is also something that has noted differences between the two religions Education is the birth right of every Muslim and Muslimah.Islam puts considerable emphasis on its followers to acquire knowledge. Investment in education is the best investment one can make, because it eventually leads to intellectual property. Intellectual property is the intangible property, which no one can steal or destroy. This is the property on which no Government can levy a tax. In the Western World the purpose of education is to provide for the economic prosperity of a nation. At a personal level the purpose of education is to acquire academic and professional skills that enable one to earn a respectable living with riches and fame, and also a luxurious and comfortable life.For a Muslim providing economic prosperity of a nation does not contradict his /her Islamic belief, however focusing the goals of education solely for the purpose of money making is unpalatable. Muslims want to impart Islamic education. Women are educated differently than men as well.

Death of a Salesman- Essay-Reflection Essay

In Death of Salesman, the conflicts that the characters face through out in the play, can be interpreted as reflections of the problems in America’s society today. The majority, if not all of these problems can be traced back to Willy Loman as the source. Willy Loman’s longing to be successful (either actually through himself or through his sons) was the origin of all the other problems, and was the reason he could not control himself and he ruined his life and his family. The most obvious societal problem face in the play is greed. Willy’s obsession with having money is a perfect symbol of the larges part of society, the part whose lives revolve around acquiring money, and having â€Å"the best†. The people have unrealistic expectations just like Willy. In Act 1, Willy is hallucinating about his brother Ben and he says, â€Å"The man knew what he wanted and went out and got it! Walked into a jungle, and comes out, the age of twenty-one, and he’s rich!† (41). Willy and countless people in today’s society, have unrealistic expectations, and are never honestly satisfied. They are willing to do anything to get to the top, even if it means hurting others, and most of the time they are left with nothing. Just like Willy in the garden, muttering, â€Å"Nothing’s planted. I don’t have a thing in the ground†; because they have done nothing substantial with their lives and have not â€Å"planted† anything (122). They used all their time concerned with money and neglected to invest in anything concrete, like real love, and having a family. They have no real lives outside of materialistic things, just like Willy. Willy’s constant disregard for others and their lives is another example of a problem America’s society faces being represented in the play. In today’s society, it is seen as expectable to push others down, and put your self first. In Death of a Salesman, Willy does this constantly when it comes time to be honest and care for his family. Willy’s actions greatly affected his family, and were the reason for many of Biff, Happy and Linda’s problems. When he was fired, Willy said, â€Å"I was fired and I am looking for a little good news to tell your mother, because the woman has waited and suffered†(107). Willy, like many people with any sort of conscience today, feels bad and wants to tell Linda that he was fired (something that will  drastically effect his entire family, especially considering their already pending financial problems), but this want is smothered by his need to have â€Å"good news†. This want is essentially just a ploy to make him feel better about himself, so once again Willy puts Linda second to his own needs, which is really the reason for all the waiting and suffering she had to do. This disregard, is also obvious in today’s society, one person’s actions can affect the whole community. Like in the case of all the terrible decisions George Bush. George Bush made decisions for the country, that were not for the common good, but his good, and now America is left picking up the pieces now that he’s gone. Many people argue that a major problem with the order of today’s society is that people no longer respect their elders. Arthur Miller, obviously saw this occurring even in the 1950 when he wrote the book. Willy raised Biff and Happy, putting all in hopes, dreams and inhabitations into them. But when they were old enough no to have to depend on them anymore, they walked away from him. Linda even acknowledges it and says, â€Å"It sounds old fashioned and silly but I tell you he put his whole life into you and you’ve turned your backs on him†(60). Biff and Happy used their father to become who they were, but when he needed them to live, they walked away from him. This is even more obvious of the problems faced today when looked at as if Willy represents all the older people in our society. The elderly are looked down upon, are thought to be crazy, and have their jobs, license and overall most real concessions, taken away for no reason other than age. We discriminat e against people who should be our equals and treated with respect. Peer pressure, is not just something that effects school aged children on the playground. Adults are pressured every day by, family, friends, co-workers into doing things that do not necessarily want to do. This is a tremendous problem in society because most of the time when people are doing something they do not want to do they are going to be upset. This feeling of being upset, usually leads to emotions that are more drastic such as being stressed and just completely lost and unhappy. Willy’s pressure on the Biff and Happy is the perfect example of this pressure to do things you normally would not do. Willy constantly says through out the play, â€Å"the man who makes  an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want†, this pressure to be well liked is what pushed Biff to neglect his school work and Happy to only care about pleasing woman and his father (30). Willy always pushed the boys to have and to be the greatest at everything they did. But in the end Willy’s pressure pushed the boys to make reckless decisions and made them feel like they could never do enough to please their father. Biff took to stealing and even admits that his father’s pressure got to him in Act 2 when he says, â€Å"I never got anywhere because you blew me so full of hot air I could never stand taking orders from anybody!† (131). Pressure can sometimes be positive, like when it pressure pushes you to give your best effort, and sometimes negative, like when it causes you to conform excessively. As in the case of Happy, who by the end of the play, even after his father kills himself is determined to follow in Willy’s foot steps and even says, â€Å"It’s the only dream you can have – to come out number-one man. He fought it out here, and this is where I’m gonna win it for him† (139). The biggest complaint that is heard from adults about today’s youth is the constant feeling of entitlement. Even when unjustified. Willy’s outlook on his life is a perfect example on teen’s unjustified feelings of entitlement in today’s culture. In the scene where he goes to talk to Howard about his job, Willy says, â€Å"You can’t eat the orange and throw the peel away-a man is not a piece of fruit.† (82). Willy feels that Howard (the son of the father who had formerly promised Willy that he would be rewarded for his service to the company) has gone back on the word of his father by forgetting the salesman in his golden years, throwing away the peel after eating the orange, so to speak. But what Willy does not realize is that Howard owes him nothing, and neither did his father. Anything people do out of kindness is simply that, kindness. Students sometimes think that just because they received a good mark in a class that it will automatically be the same the next quarter, and aren’t always willing to do the work needed to earn the grade. But what Willy and countless others don’t realize is that no one is owed anything. During and argument Willy has with his son, Biff makes the comment, â€Å"Pop! I’m a dime a dozen, and so are you!† This infuriates Willy who counterattacks, â€Å"I am not a dime a dozen! I am Willy Loman, and you are  Biff Loman!† (132). Seen through Willy and people thought the world, entitlement is an illusion that blinds our work/life ethic and us. Death of a Salesman shows both family and societiatal conflicts; however, these conflicts are definitely more powerful when looked at as societal problems .It forces you to evaluate the ethics and principles of the culture we live in. and how they eventually reflect the things we truly hold important. However the reflection is not just the problems, but also all the damage that results from making those the most valued things. Death of a Salesman is a disheartening play but it is an honest reflection of our society. Bibliography: Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: 1949. Print.

Principles Of Business Essay

Planning In my planning, I will be very much interested in establishing several activities which involves defining the purpose of the store. I will define this as a store for the storage of sports goods for profit purpose. It will be focused on storing goods for profit making. I will therefore need to plan where I will be purchasing the goods so that, they can cheaply be bought, they will have continuous flow so that I do not run short of stock. I must plan for the site for the business. This is to ensure the business is located in a place where the customers can access the commodities without obstruction by any thing. The place should be safe and secure for the customers. I will focus on the labour. I must plan the sources of labour source and the numbers of workers who will be required. I should also plan for the finances that will be required for the commencement of the business as initial capital. I must plan on how the business will run i.e., Is going to be in large scale business or small scale in which goods will be sold in retail or whole sale methods. Simply, I will plan for my resources, state my mission, define my vision and have a summary of the overall operations of the business. (Ehlers, 2000) Organizing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will review my plan of the business. Reviewing the plans will enable me to understand the key points which I need to include in my organization. This will require me to put in place the list of tasks and the groups of individuals who will be assigned in the various tasks short listed. Such groups will be such people like sale groups, store group, purchasing groups administration group and others which may deemed appropriate.   I will then group the tasks into jobs. (Ehlers, 2000) Directing I will ensure that there are directors who will act as supervisors of the other subordinate staff. The directors will be the overall responsible delegate in the different departmental sectors. They will be requiring to under taking senior responsibilities like overseen the general run of the particular departmental activities. Controlling Controlling being the final process of the four functional chains of management activities, which bring the function of management to full circle; it will be necessary for me to establish control methods of the store. This will involve the setting up effective control systems for the monitoring of the activities and the corrective actions to be taken. I will include supervisors in the store to see that worker working under the different departments do not become reluctant in their specified jobs and tasks. I must install systems to make sure that there is overall evaluation of the goods purchase, goods in stock and those which haves been sold. Supervisors will have to observe what is happening and compare that with what was supposed to be done. They will be supposed to correct any ineffective activity and conditions in order to bring the result to my expectations. This will facilitate the delegation of activities to employees. Because supervisors are held accountable for their junior employees’ performance, there will be timely feedback on employees’ activities. . (Deresky, 2002) Levels of management/organization chart There several management levels which I will require to have the sports store to run smoothly. These include: Top level: – this will have the general director which I should be holding such a post. This will enable me to oversee the other people who will be working under the other levels of the management. The middle level will contain directors of sale, purchase and store. They will be support to directly report all implementations and mitigation of activities of their departments. Director for sale will makes sure the targets of sales are achieved through the implementation of set objectives and targets. Director of store will ensure goods in the store are safe and properly issued. Director of purchases will make sure there is proper in flow of goods from our suppliers in to our premises at the right price. First level will have those people working under the various directors who will be supervising the lowest ranked employees in the different departments. (Deresky, 2002) General Director Top level  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My management style I will have a passive management style in which the major decision making will be based on the people opinion. I will hold meeting with the supervisors who will working under the departments to discuss some of the issues arising in our organizations. (Griffin, 2002)   Reference: Deresky, H. (2002): global management strategic and inters personal: prentice hall Ehlers, M. (2000): Residential based business as an alternative location: university of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pretoria Griffin, R. (2002): international business: a managerial perspective: prentice hall      

Ethnography of Speaking Essay

The article â€Å"Ethnography of Speaking† towards a Linguistics of Praxis† by Alessandro Duranti provides thorough study of language use in everyday life of a particular speech community. Actually, the author discusses peculiarities of language use involving communicative competence, context, speech communities, speech events, speech acts and conversation analysis. This study is centered on a situation discourse meaning that linguistic performance is evaluated in terms of socio-cultural order and language. It is noted that ethnography of speaking (ES) is concerned with finding relations between â€Å"language use and local systems of knowledge and social conduct†. The author discusses the goals of the speech, attributes of linguistic code and provides definitions of main terms involved in the discussion of language use. The author admits that ethnographers of speaking are interested in analyzing language use. The author claims that â€Å"the notion of language use is strictly related to the view of sociolinguistics as merely a different methodology, a different way of obtaining data†. However, ES define language use as the use of linguistic code in terms of a particular culture or community. The author assumes that unity of language is only illusion and in order to interpret the sign it is necessary to analyze the context. The goals of ES are to establish social identities and relationships, to explain how it is possible to change the world, to provide frames for speech events and act and, finally, to break social and cultural barriers. It is necessary to notice that ethnographic study wants to describe knowledge required by participants to communicate successfully with each other. Therefore, speaking or not speaking is significant for all human interactions. The process of speaking is, thus, constitutive of reality meaning that speaking â€Å"makes something already existing present to the participants or creates something anew†. Finally, the author discusses the role of speaking in shaping people’s life. Why speaking is important for human interactions? Works Cited Duranti, Alessandro. Ethnography of Speaking Towards Linguistics of Praxis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Child Labor And Development Implications For Third World Education Essay

This essay will concentrate on development in Senegal and the social jobs that are keeping the state back from certain facets of their development. Issues, such as child labour, are prevailing in the big metropoliss of Senegal. I know this because I have had the chance to see Dakar while on my sailing boarding school. We spent approximately two hebdomads in the metropolis and partnered with the university childs and a development group called SYTO Senegal. SYTO stands for Student & A ; Youth Travel Organization. It is a non-profit organisation that is now used in many African states to raise consciousness and assistance in development. Some of the plans and enterprises that SYTO offers are: Volunteering, non-paid internships, cultural submergence and place corsets. All these different enterprises are meant to incorporate visitants and locals into larning from each other. The intent of our stay in Dakar was to distribute consciousness about different facets refering the development of their metropolis. We split into assorted groups all with different undertakings and duties for the two hebdomads. The groups dealt with environmental issues, wellness and sanitation, H2O preservation, finance and news media. Within our groups, we discussed thoughts, had guest adept talkers and visited some of the schools in the country. One of our primary ends was to educate the immature coevals about these pressing issues so that they could develop a passion for bettering their native land. We thought up originative thoughts like skits and games in order to exemplify these issues in a manner immature childs could understand. For illustration, the H2O preservation group created postings that displayed the H2O rhythm and set on a drama for the childs. Aside from the development undertaking, we besides had many chances to research the metropolis and dig deeper into the cultural norms of the state. I saw everything from the hustling markets to adult females selling their hand-made car pets and covers on the side of the streets. Despite basking their traditions, there is a more emotional and saddening side of the life style and we saw this in the many kid mendicants and poorness afflicted people in the metropolis. UNICEF defines child labour as work that exploits kids under unsafe working conditions. When kids are faced with these jobs it frequently takes off from prolonging their instruction. This relates to development because instruction is one of the factors that stimulate development. I will besides discourse more facets of Dakar ‘s development, like: the alteration of urbanisation and instruction rates, I will discourse how all these development factors have to make with the kid labour issue in Senegal. The importance of our development undertaking in Senegal was to expose the jobs in the state that are maintaining them from come oning. My definition of development is patterned advance and progressing the current province of personal businesss. Develop ment besides refers to the economic, cultural and societal alterations that a state goes through to go more advanced in modern twenty-four hours. I witnessed the extent of exploitatory kid labour in Senegal, which gives me the passion to desire to happen out more and do anything I can to assist. I think that this is relevant to Global Development Studies because it is an issue of societal development that needs to be addressed. It is besides a human rights issue that I believe should be an international concern. In this essay I will reason that the child labour issues are procrastinating development, taking off from enriching the instruction of the immature coevals and ensuing in long-run damaging effects for the state. The Development Theory, as learned in the first semester of Global Development Studies, encompasses many sub-theories that all purpose to depict how alteration in a society can be achieved. Modernization theory describes a stratification of development phases and how to track a states advancement based on what they have achieved. Dependency Theory describes how â€Å" fringe † states depend on â€Å" nucleus † states for counsel and support through their development journey. These theories relate to the issues of child labour in Senegal because it is an international concern and is responsible for much poorness in developing states. Non-profit organisations, such as UNICEF, purpose to raise consciousness and money to back up the obliteration of exploited kids. They besides give hope to kids in developing states that are non able to foster their instruction because their milieus do non let them to make so. Bonnet ( 1993 ) writes about kid labour in relation to the failure of the instruction system in many African states. The article suggests that the deficiency of a structured instruction system and the sum of child workers are straight correlated. This could be because the school system can non back up the instruction needs so kids are frequently forced into exploitatory work at early ages to counterbalance for the deficiency of instruction. Harmonizing to Bonnet ( 1993 ) , there are besides many kids that drop out of school early because of force per unit area to supply another beginning of income for their struggling households. The article coins the rough â€Å" socio-economic environment † as something that contributes the increasing figure of child workers. Although this article reviews the predicament of Africa in general footings associating to child labour, it shows many issues refering development are related. As in Modernization Theory, a state can non accomplish the following degree of development without over-coming initial stumbling blocks. Bonnet ‘s ( 1993 ) article provided insight into how a state can travel â€Å" backwards † in the development procedure, and therefore, make more issues to postulate with. Some statistics form Bonnet ‘s ( 1993 ) article showed the GDP in many of the African states as being rather low. This is decidedly a pressuring factor for most dwellers of these states, as they have to populate under these conditions and experience the full consequence of the missing economic system. Exploitative kid labour is a manner that some households generate more income. Developmentally, this is an international issue and it oversteps many moral boundaries that have been constructed by the developed universe. Forastieri ( 1992 ) suggests that there are socio-economic factors that create the increasing statistic of child labour happening in the universe today. Many jobs associated with being in a underdeveloped state lend to the oncoming of child development. Forestieri ( 1992 ) explains that many kids populating in these destitute states frequently have no other option to supply nutrient for themselves and household. She talks about the relation between a state ‘s economic development and the deficiency of instruction taking to many kids being forced into child labour and other signifiers of kid maltreatment. The article besides talks about the certain conditions that are present in many developing states and how it presents a jeopardy to youth. The bulk of exploitatory kid work begins at a immature age, which violates developmental phase in the kid ‘s life. Forastieri ( 1992 ) acknowledges that the solution to the job is long-run. Problems of development, such as economic sys tem, wellness, safety and instruction have to be addressed foremost to give households an option to subjecting their kids to exploitatory work. The article coins child labour as â€Å" the merchandise of poorness † , which describes the nexus to development that is most of import to understand the issue. The international universe and the developed universe has an duty to convey these destitute states out of the utmost poorness that is taking to decease, disease and development. For illustration, an article in The Vancouver Sun ( 2007 ) discusses child labour as a regular happening in West Africa. It discusses the chocolate farms in many West African states and how we, in the developed universe, are able to hold our favourite cocoa at our disposal anytime we want. The article states that kids under 14 old ages of age are forced to work on these chocolate plantations under backbreaking conditions. It mentions a statistic that three per centum of the universe ‘s chocolate production is harvested under the worst signifiers of child labour. This should do the developed universe think about how they may be indirectly advancing the usage of immature kids as labourers in these West African states. The article in The Vancouver Sun ( 2007 ) goes on to depict the worst signifiers of child labour. Some kids are being sold to husbandmans and are frequently lured by false promises of hope once they do what they are told. It is a job that this is happening every twe nty-four hours in our universe. However, there are things that we can make to seek and advance good working conditions and the importance of child instruction instead than maltreatment. From development position, there are many things that we can make to seek and excite improved conditions. The article references â€Å" Fair Trade † , which represents a merchandise that has been grow under good and humanist conditions. The developed universe seldom thinks about the impact that traveling out to purchase a confect saloon can hold. That confect saloon could possible stand for long hours that a immature kid has spent on the chocolate farms. It is our duty to do certain that we educate ourselves about how some of the merchandises we consume are made. Grootaert ( 1995 ) provides some statistics of child labour in some West African states. He shows that 52 per centum of kids in Senegal are involved in kid exploitatory labour. The high per centum shows that the state has hapless economic agencies and hence people have to prosecute in these Acts of the Apostless in order to do adequate money to hardly acquire by. Grootaert ( 1995 ) suggests ways in which the horrors of child labour can be lessened, doing manner for new chances of growing for developing states every bit good as the international universe. First and first, he suggests that statute law would be the figure one opposite number to conflict kid maltreatment. Ways to excite economic system and ways to authorise the kids and their households are other things that the article references that could assist to eliminate child labour. It is an international concern how the strains and force per unit areas that cause child maltreatment in developing states finally lead to the decre asing value of instruction and attention for the environment. The obliteration of kid maltreatment in the work force is going a urgent issue and there are many organisations that are entirely aimed at distributing consciousness and raising money to assist to battle the development. Myrstad ( 1999 ) discusses the function of trade brotherhoods in contending child labour. They have the perfect platform to prosecute people and to raise consciousness about the horrors of child development and to emphasize the importance of instruction as a necessity. On an international graduated table, the article references that trade brotherhoods have the capacity to mobilise the populace. Myrstad ( 1999 ) mentions the chief trade brotherhood scheme to contend kid labour, which is corporate bargaining. Trade brotherhoods can efficaciously utilize bargaining schemes to negociate certain codifications of behavior that employers must follow. Myrstad ( 1999 ) outlines the power trade brotherhoods have to intercede the occurrences between some companies in the underd eveloped universe and the developed universe. They can negociate just trade and spread consciousness about the importance of just work sing all facets, but particularly when it comes to kids. Another article ( Anonymous, 2001 ) on West African chocolate production negotiations about the ground why some husbandmans feel that they have to inscribe kids in the slave labour. This is relevant to development because it helps one solve an issue if we know what may be doing the job. The article says that West African husbandmans blame transnational companies for their low monetary values. So in order to earn a net income they must enlist inexpensive work by kids. This is much like a rhythm that will non stop if the roots of poorness are non solved in these states. The international community has the duty of puting down statute law via political leaders that can assist to eliminate child bondage in the underdeveloped universe. There are state of affairss that cause the oncoming of child labour and things that are effects. Many of these convergences because, as antecedently stated, it all becomes a rhythm. Poor instruction system, deficiency of employment and rampant disease are th ings that all cause people to fall back to cheap labour to do ends meet. The deficiency of instruction, which leads to a coevals that can non make, better than the last, is a major effect of child labour. If our universe is genuinely going a globalized universe so we must all set the load of this on our shoulders and assist back up the attempts made to cut down the job. An article in The Financial Times ( 1999 ) references that the International Labor Organization says that the riddance of all child labour is unrealistic. However, they say that it is more realistic to turn to the worst signifiers first- such as trafficking. They say that doing instruction a precedence and beef uping the instruction system is what will assist. The article acknowledges that in some of these developing states there is no other agencies of income coming into households, as the parents are excessively old or ill. This is what is so distressing because it is non just to do these kids pay for the fact that they were born into this environment. Through the media, many of us know the state of affairs in the Third World and are cognizant of how some people are enduring. Miller and Ross ( 1998/1999 ) talk about â€Å" Development Week † and how it engages pupils to what is go oning in the universe around them. As we have learned, instruction is the most of import for cognition and patterned advance. By transfusing these values in their pupils, these instructors believe that it will do alteration. One of the ways that they involve pupils is to emphasize the importance of â€Å" a strong sense of partnership between the North and the South † ( Miller and Ross, 1998,1999 ) . This makes manner for international voluntary activities and engagement. My trip to Senegal was one of those edifying minutes where we saw things we had ne'er earlier. The trip caused us all to reflect on our ain lives and what we have. Many people in the word do non hold half of what a batch of people in The First World do. There is a batch tha t we can make to demo our engagement and passion in many facets of development. Volunteering, fund-raising and child sponsorship are all ways that we can get down to turn a negative state of affairs into something positive. To reason, exploitatory kid labour in the underdeveloped universe creates many reverses that stall development. Development is classified as traveling frontward economically and socially. Poor instruction is a chief factor in the start of immature kid labour. The immature coevals is being stripped of the ability to acquire an instruction. Some deductions of my findings on this subject are that poorness and socio-economic position is straight related the sum of kids that are being exploited. Some of the positive deductions are the things that trade brotherhoods and the international community can make to decrease the job. The deductions for development environing this subject is that an issue can non be solved or wholly eradicated till more cardinal issues are addressed. The international community should be concerned with exploitatory kid labour in Africa because it is a human rights issue.

Bill Clinton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bill Clinton - Essay Example ed States because the US enjoyed a relatively high prosperity during his term progressive laws such as State Children’s Health Insurance Program and agreements such as North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA. Because of these achievements, he ended his term with one of the highest approval rating of all times. His presidency however was tainted with a scandal involving an intern named Monika Lewinsky between the period 1998-99 that led to an impeachment trial initiated by the House of Representatives and later acquitted by the Senate (www.infoplease.com, nd). The started by the was filed by Paula Corbin Jones on May 6, 1994 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas when he allegedly made sexual advances to her when he was still a governor of Arkansas. Judge Susan Webber Wright however decided in favor of President Clinton on April 1, 1998 and a settlement was made on November 13, 1998 (infoplease.com, nd). The lawyers of Ms. Jones again presented witnesses to the lawyers of President Clinton to continue the allegations against the President’s pattern of deceit. It was alleged that Monika Lewinsky had sexual relationship with the President. Among the witnesses presented was Monika Lewinsky whose name was presented by Linda Tripp a confidant of Monika Lewinsky who was also a White House staff. Tapes of various conversations relating Monika Lewinsky’s contracts with the President was presented. Monika Lewinsky’s lawyers however issued a sworn statement on her behalf in which she asserted that she had never had a sexual relationship with the President. To quote the affidavit; I have never had a sexual relationship with the President, he did not propose that we have a sexual relationship, he did not offer me employment or other benefits in exchange for a sexual relationship, he did not deny me employment or other benefits for rejecting a sexual relationship (Rutgers University, 2014). For his part, President

Pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pornography - Essay Example On the other hand there are those liberal feminists who support the role of pornography in modern society. They believe that pornography is supposed to give rise to sexual liberation and allows women to openly show their sexual desires and wants in modern society by emphasizing the importance of sexually active women. These liberal feminists also affirm strongly that any type of censorship against the pornography would be prejudicial to the rights of women who have been traditionally discriminated against men. There are a wide range of definitions of pornography and many are disputed by these groups. However for the purpose of this essay the definition by Merriam Webster’s Online Dictionary is taken as, â€Å"the depiction of erotic behavior (as in pictures or writing) intended to cause sexual excitement† (Merriam-Webster, 2012). The above-mentioned definition is wider and encompasses various forms of erotic material, but it’s important to learn and discuss about the most prevalent and striking forms of pornography within the modern society, whether it be erotic literature, internet porn videos and pictures or any other media. While pornography offers both genders equal opportunities to express their sexual needs, the basic thinking about how men and women experience sex differently is totally brushed aside. Besides only a little or no attention is given to the influential and authoritative role played by men in large porn industries, which is against the equal rights for men and women rule. In the recent years there has been a great development in the size and scale of porn industry through internet websites, magazines, books, and newspapers. Pornographic material and erotic literature is gradually being accepted in various parts of the world and many cultures such as that of United Kingdom, European countries and that United States have accepted in as an integral part of

Rotanas expansion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rotanas expansion - Case Study Example Rotana through the management expects to raise the standards of the hotel industry, which is only majorly realizable with clear goals. Performance in terms of the achievement of measured growth and expansion realization through the Middle East is also likely to improve due to well-set goals. Goals also support the controlling function in planning, as progress can be assessed and corrective action taken. When a company is able to meet its goals, motivation levels go up an as a result increased output is realizable (Forsyth 123). From the case study, Rotana’s stated goals are simple, clear, flexible and achievable given the growth realization so far both in the ME and North Africa. In addition, they are measurable, well written, in terms of outcomes and they are communicated to all the necessary members of the organization (http://www.rotana.com). â€Å"This is Rotana† in Rotana Hotels website, tell us much about the Vision, Values, and expansion plan. According to the Vi sion which is, â€Å"To be the Leading Hospitality Management Company recognized for its unique blend of world-class standards with genuine hospitality and for its truly treasured experiences provided for guests, colleagues and owners.† It is Culminated with a Brand promise revolving around their treasure for time, adaptability to treasured time and how such a time recognizes the past while reflecting on the presents into a promising future. Based on this it is prudent to say that Rotana adheres to its values and based on its Vision it has the potential of achieving its expansion plan to 100 hotels in the next three years (http://www.rotana.com). The case study reiterates the fact that planning is a procedure where an organization sets goals like the ones set by Rotana Hotels. After this, they then formulate a strategy on how such goals and targets are to be met. Ultimately developing an inclusive plan to integrate and coordinate work activities. According to the case study, I am able to learn that planning provides direction while reducing the level of uncertainty in organizational goals achievement. According to the case study, we are able to see that Rotana Hotels are able to grow by 70 branches and across regions that is in North Africa and ME (http://www.rotana.com). In attaining these, the Hotel was able to minimize wastage with well-set standards for control (Forsyth 207). Case study 2 Air Arabia seems to exploiting the Low cost strategy aimed at quality service provision to its clients while maximizing the profitability from its operations. The company claims to be the one that offers comfort, reliability, and value for customer’s money. In its low cost strategy, it has placed measures to reduce training, maintenance, and multi-cabins cost. Coupled with this is the high turn around costs to save on airport expenses. Airport, expenses are also reduced by flying to secondary less congested airports. Apart from the optional paid for in fligh t food and beverage the airline exploits for cheaper advertising through the internet hence saving on costs. The main advantage of this airline is the location, which allows it to access several locations worldwide hence wide client base (http://www.airarabia.com). SWOT analysis is quite useful for Air Arabia given its focus on its growth plans. This is because the SWOT would enable the stakeholders to quickly understand the company while recognizing its potential partnerships and suppliers. This is because SWOT analysis is a crucial resource for industry executives and anyone with an interest in gaining a better understanding of a company’s business (http://www.airarabia.com). Furthermore, the company will be bale to gain insight into the market place and better

Austin Farrer Can Myth be Fact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Austin Farrer Can Myth be Fact - Essay Example During the early ages, the human mind was very undemanding. They had a strong belief in legends to interpret their everyday living and it was through these myths that they identified themselves. The myths which included examples of the rewards that were given to the people who were kind by the gods were implied by people in their lives. But with the passing time, want and search for knowledge led the human beings to challenge these myths. It was then left to the historians and the philosophers to work and argue regarding these legends. But immediately following this period was the emergence of Christianity which worked to save the myths. It was then explained that God had provided the mortals with a confined thought which they used to analyze the infinite truths that were given to them by God. The words that they used were a giving of God and it was through this that they constructed myths. Hence since the initial creator of the myth was God, therefore the myth must be a reality. Another justification which closely relates a myth to truth is the explanation provided by the believers who claim that God lies in the â€Å"nature† that exists around us. To strengthen this fact, it can be seen that principles exist for the physics of matter. An example to support this is the idea that the temperature at which water boils is constant. This physical law of water is not told to us by nature but it is rather through research and knowledge that we understand this fact. Hence the myths and legends are a part of everything that exists around us and these form the cultural and religious laws of nature which are to be understood and analyzed by the human beings themselves. The myths are legends which drove human beings to perform acts which would otherwise be termed as ridiculous. For instance the prayers performed by people to end a situation of drought so that water could be received. A believer in religion and God would definitely

Aristotle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Aristotle - Research Paper Example However, others have agreed with both theories stating that nature provides the individuals with these traits while nurture serves to mould and develop these traits through maturity and learning. The influence of heredity and the environment is however evident as in many individuals. The genetic make of an individual is derived from his parents and this is due to heredity. This has a lot of influence on the behavior of an individual as these traits have been reported by researchers to influence intelligence, personality, sexual orientation and aggression (Ceci & Williams, 123). These traits are encoded in an individual’s DNA and hence are inherited by the offspring’s. Physical appearances of various individuals like color of the skin, eye, and height among other things have confirmed this and hence there is a possibility that nature plays a very important role in influencing the way we behave. For example if fraternal twins that are reared under the same conditions will never behave the same way as they posses’ different traits from their parents. Nurture on the other hand is also very important in determining our behaviors as these traits are just in the body but they have to be developed in order to fully come up and influence the behavior of an individual. ... This is only possible when such individuals practice how to be intelligent and creative and the type of the environment in which they are also contributes a lot. It is said then he was ‘’nurtured’’ by certain people (Ceci & Williams, 134). An example here is to consider identical twins brought up under different conditions will never behave like each other. The persistent of nature vs. nurture debate has continued long time for several centuries due to certain underlying issues. One of the most important characteristics of this issue is that there are several issues that are knitted together by ambiguity and also uncertainty into an issue that is very difficult to solve (Ceci & Williams, 147). This makes the people in the debate unable to put their focus in one or a single defined meaningful question. Another issue rises from genetic language itself we need to differentiate the meaning of nature and nurture and what most scientists call contributions of the two terms. Sometimes the difference is that nature is about what is inside while nurture is what we acquire from the environments that we interact with. Contributions here means that the impact of either nature or nurture on the behaviors of individuals. The controversy here is that some people believe that what is inborn contribute or determines what an individual will be. Nature bases its argument from the genes while nurture argument is based on environment (Ceci & Williams 137). There is need therefore two define very well the meaning of gene and environment as they are the key issues in this argument. We need to understand what the gene does and what the environment does as far as behavior is concerned. These two issues are the central of this debate. Aristotle’s argument in the

Woman and Social Oppression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Woman and Social Oppression - Essay Example Even with laws to prevent this sort of treatment of women, we suffer from this deep-rooted system that allows for men to hold a dominant position. The God of Small Things also explores the oppression of women, but it is present in a much more flagrant manner in this novel. Ammu is not even given a chance to succeed in life, as she is not permitted to pursue an education and her only realistic goal in life is to marry someone and do what he wants. When Ammu divorces, she becomes an outcast and she spends the rest of her life waiting to die. These works show that women are oppressed in a variety of ways in different cultures and that gender constructs are causing this oppression. The essay â€Å"Oppression†, by Marilyn Frye, examines how women are oppressed in society. Often times, this oppression is not flagrant, but is rather a series of small privileges that are taken away from women in order to benefit other social groups. The author makes the claim that women live within a birdcage, where each of the individual wires is meaningless but when they are all put together, it is impossible for the bird to escape. The oppression of women has two main features, according to Frye. First of all, they are place in positions of power where they hold a great deal of responsibility, but they are not given enough power to effectively use this position. Also, women know that they are limited in these positions of power, so they make sure that they do not exceed the limits that society has placed upon them. The system is in place, according to Frye, to privilege men and oppress women. In Judith Lorber’s essay, entitled â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender†, the author agrees that the roles of each gender are defined by society and there is very little that can be done to alleviate these constructs. Lorber traces these constructs back to

Media Sex and Violence - Past and Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Sex and Violence - Past and Present - Essay Example They are interested in shows that satisfy their aggressive nature and thus they turn toward believing violent reports subconsciously. While defining his media theory, Sparks (2009, p.3) asserts that â€Å"Perhaps the effects of media violence are difficult for people to detect in themselves- even though the effects are definitely present.† Negative effects of sex and violence on children Parents and teachers have always been concerned and looking for answers regarding what effects violence and sex in media can imprint on young developing brains. As technology media grows significantly and presents newer and smarter media types, the American youth is the first to get affected thanks to increased availability and affordability of media sources. When the television shows violent programs, then it is to be blamed in mutating the minds of the youngsters from incorruptibility to violence. Violent media arrives with concerns relating to addiction, anxiety, dejection, brutality and ag gression that develop in young minds. Last decade has shown an increase in violence rate among children in the United States and studies show that children are increasingly being treated for anger management thanks to the violent shows and programs shown on television. Children tend to have less-developed ability of decision-making or critical thinking so they cannot realize what is wrong with what they are viewing and their minds learn or absorb every act they see. When a child watches the violent or sexual acts, the energy generated by the fantasy keeps the physical responses from getting expressed. So, when this energy gets its chance, it gets expressed in the real life. Moreover, girls are experiencing very early menstruation and boys are entering into adolescence very early because of being exposed to the bold television shows which hastens their puberty. â€Å"Several longitudinal studies have linked exposure to sex in the media to earlier onset of sexual intercourse†, says Wood (2009). Negative effects of sex and violence on adults â€Å"Research on violent television and ?lms, video games, and music reveals unequivocal evidence that media violence increases the likelihood of aggressive and violent behavior in both immediate and long-term contexts†, assert Anderson et al. (2003, p.81). They further state that violence shown in media is responsible for the development of aggressive behavior and thoughts among the adults (Sics, 2011; Boxer et al., 2009). This can also result in abuse in relationships. Desensitization regarding violence and sex occurs. The physiological arousal that results from sexual content shown by media tends to initiate frustration which then comes out in the form of spouse abuse, rape, homicides, and sexual activities. Research suggests that today, the number of adults watching violent and sexual media through different media sources are increasing day by day and it is frustrating to guess where it will end up. Recomme ndations Media literacy is necessary, both in the adults and the children. In case of children, it is important for the parents to work out some parental mediation interventions so that the children’

The oil and gas industry in Canada Research Paper

The oil and gas industry in Canada - Research Paper Example Most of Canada’s, which is about 283,000 cubic meters per day, is exported. Most of it is imported to the United States. The production of oil and gas in Canada is very efficient. For instance, over 25,000 new oil wells were sunk in 2005. In Alberta province, over 100 new wells are dug every day. Production operations include upstream (mainly, exploration and production of gas and oil), and downstream (here oil and gas is refined, distributed and sold). Most exploration happens in the province of Alberta with many operations in British Columbia and Saskatchewan (Daniel, 2012). Oil fields that have been of paramount importance to Canada economically include, Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta, White Rose oil field, Terra Nova oil field and Hamburg oil field in Alberta. The oil and gas industry in Canada works within a complex framework of regulations and laws that govern and guide industry operation in terms of the environment, safety, hiring and personnel, land access, landowner rights, surface and mineral rights and many more. For instance, every gas and oil activity must be applied for and given approval before any work can begin. Some major federal players in the Canadian oil and gas industry include National Energy Board and Natural Resources Canada (Ballem, 2011). National Energy Board established by parliament of Canada in 1959 is mandated with the regulation of international and interprovincial aspects of the gas, oil and electric utility industries. It therefore regulates energy development, pipelines and the public interest of the Canadian citizens as concerns matters of oil and gas. The At the provincial level, there is BC Oil and Gas Commission, Saskatchewan Energy and Resources, Energy Resources Conservation Board (Alberta), Ontario Energy Board, Newfoundland and Labrador Natural Resources, and Nova Scotia Energy. The legislation in the oil

What does the experience of school by Japanese youth suggest about the Essay

What does the experience of school by Japanese youth suggest about the education for sustainable development In what ways does it resonate in Malaysia - Essay Example As defined by the World Bank Group, Education is the first step for poverty reduction and to increase human development. It is a primordial element to acquire knowledge. It is stated at the top of every state policy they will implement. Each government makes an effort to improve their system of education, because this will benefit their country, particularly their economy, in the long run. As Milton Freidman stated, the government interferes with its citizens’ education to promote the welfare of the society. An educated individual is a great addition to boost a country’s economic growth and to sustain its future needs, provided that he will be able to apply what he had learned from school. Sustainable development is a concept which deals with the balance on how present demands are meet without compromising the future needs of the young generations. This protects a country from exhausting all its natural resources to meet its present needs without undermining its economi c growth. It is how conflicts should be resolved between the present necessities and the economic development, in order to withstand the upcoming needs. Education for sustainable development is one of the most pressing topics in the world. as discussed in the preceding paragraphs, education is a tool for achieving sustainable development. It provides individuals training, discipline and knowledge. It gives guidance to the future work force. However, though the goal of education for sustainable development is towards a positive result, the idea still has negative implications along the way. ESD not only focused on the academic side of education but also how values are being taught to sustain development. The values formation curriculum varies from one country to another. It depends on how closely knit the cultural ties of a certain country (McKeown, Hopkins, Rizi, &Chrystalbridge 2002). Since the subject on values formation is not universally the same, the approach on the students va ries from one country to another. These problems lead us to the question whether the predicaments in the present education will be able to sustain the impending needs of the future generations. In this paper, a comparative analysis will be presented with regard the education for sustainable development in Japan and Malaysia, and its negative implications to its people. The discussion made on this paper has transcendental importance and must be able to provide us a concrete picture of what is happening in these two countries, and to examine whether such will be advantageous in the long run. Japan and its Economy Japan is one of the most looked up countries, especially in Asia, due to its rapid economic progress. According to Asianinfo.org (2011a), tt is the third largest economy in the world. The currency used by Japan is Yen. It implements a semi-pegged foreign exchange. Japan’s leading industries are manufacturing, construction, communication and distribution. All these sect ors are backed by the country’s labor force (Japan-guide.com 2011). In state.gov (2011) it is stated that the work force in Japan is approximately 65.9 million in 2010, which is divided in three main sectors: Services which is composed of 68 percent of the work force, industry with 28% and agriculture with 4 percent. The literacy rate in Japan in 2010 is an outstanding 99 percent. The literacy statistics show that Japan has an excellent educational system. Education in Japan According to Kaori Okano and Motonori Tsuchiya (1999), education plays a major role on the countries development. Education must be able to cope up with the speedy economic growth of Japan. With that, state

Decision Support System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Support System - Essay Example Companies, therefore, seek new profit opportunities suggested by them. They must plan innovations and purposely set out to capitalize on new approaches. Marketing is perceived as a means of adjusting to changes through altering such variables as products, services, prices, and channels of distribution to better meet changing environments. Change will be discussed in the chapters on assessment of marketing opportunity and the product and service mix. Chapter 8, Nonlinear Optimization processes will help a manager to model the performance of the company and predict its development opportunities. As an integral part of business, optimization is concerned with setting goals, establishing policies and programs, and implementing business action for the entire firm. Its major tasks are to translate consumer wants and needs, actual and potential, into profitable products and services that the company is capable of producing; to cultivate markets to support these products; and to program the distribution activities necessary to reach the markets. Chapter 16, Markov processes, will help a manager to evaluate random sample and predict possible variations in the proposed management model. ... In reality, the conception of Markov processes as a viewpoint or as the fundamental purpose of a business focuses on the business as a satisfier of consumer wants and needs. This conception implies a top-management philosophy of business operation -- the marketing philosophy. Accordingly, customers and consumers become the core around which a business revolves, thus recognizing customer orientation to decision-making and problem-solving and the impact of marketing on other functional areas. Chapter 2 and 3, Introduction to Linear programming and Linear programming sensitivity analysis, will help a manager to model different situation and select the best alternative. This technique of analysis is intended to provide an overview of the performance of the corporate. The ratios can be applied to the business to examine current achievement and trends. They can also be applied to competitors to enable external benchmarks' of performance to be established. Businesses realize that they cannot appeal to all consumer wants and needs, even for limited markets. Thus they assess both corporate capabilities and goals (actual and potential) and market opportunities to seek areas of profitable intersection. It reflects an integrated and coordinated approach to the management of marketing activity, and the development of total systems of business action that recognize the market as the focal point of business. Essentially, the marketing philosophy is a way of thinking about corporate ac tivity; a frame of mind; an attitude. It recognizes the primacy of consumers and customers as they influence all business operations. It starts with the company's chief executive, who must recognize that, lacking markets for the company's products and lacking customer wants and needs,

(Critical Analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

(Critical Analysis) - Essay Example She goes to the extent of looting to ensure that her sick brother gets daily medicine for his survival. The film shows some religious institutions, such as church, and they way they help suffering neighbors and members. Good neighbors, like Madea and Pastor Brian, take the responsibility of taking care of these young children by giving them food and ensuring they find their relatives in town. One of the relatives is the woman named April, who is the children’s aunty. She is a nightclub singer and an alcohol addict living with a married man who has ran away from the responsibility of taking care of his family. At the end of the film, she transforms from her past lifestyle into a loving and caring aunty and later gets married to Sandino; an immigrant who she accommodated in her basement. According to IMBd website, the film, cast actors and actress have been nominated and won several awards. Some of the awards include Bet Awards, Black Reel Awards and Image Awards in 2010. For ex ample, in 2010, Adams Rodriguez (Sandino in the film) won the Image Awards under â€Å"the Outstanding Character in a Motion Picture.† The film can be classified into three theories of communication namely inclusion, need for control and need for affection. The theory of inclusion applies in this film where Sandino a middle aged immigrant in search of work and a place to settle in a foreign country approaches church leaders for help. The church leader requests April to accommodate him, she allows her to stay in the basement. Sandino fits well in this theory as he seeks to be liked and loved by Jennifer and her little brothers. He goes to the extent of buying them the syringes and medicine for Jennifer’s younger brother. Jennifer wonders why he is concerned and good to them; according to her the world is unfair and presents a tough face to all the people in it. Sandino fights to be loved by all; April included, as he repairs one of the rooms and ensures that everything is in place for the comfort of the young ones. At the end, he comes out to defend Jennifer as he was about of be raped by April’s boy friend. Sandino makes April to transform her past behavior of mistreating her niece and nephews and addiction to alcohol. Sandino ends up to be loved by all in April’s family and church members, who end up organizing a nice wedding between him and April. The theory of need for control is also found in this film. One of the funny characters in this film is Madea, who is firm, in control and wants to be recognized as one in charge of the activities going on in her house and that of anyone she comes in contact with. The film introduces Madea from on set. She wakes up after Jennifer and her brothers try to loot her house. She firmly disrupts her husband’s sleep, she show her power of control when she invites Jennifer and her brothers to have a meal with them. She wants them to refer to her as ‘madam’ whenever they answer her questions. She shows the control in her by driving the children to April’s house. She orders one of them to knock the door as loud as he can until April wakes up. Madea commands April to take her niece and nephews, which she accepts without further argument. Although Madea may be seen as controlling freak, Jennifer goes to her to figure out how to pray. Though she did not understand the Biblical stories, she agreed to teach Jennifer. She extended her generosity by advising her how she could manage all her

Business contiunity Management is a luxury in times of recession Essay

Business contiunity Management is a luxury in times of recession - Essay Example Matthys (2009) lists some disruptive or unexpected events which may occur to an organization that may bring harm and other major impacts to the organization and community. Example of events are broken equipments; computer viruses and other IT fraud; phone, internet, power and gas failure; natural calamities; terrorist attacks and all forms of pandemics; and other events that hinder the flow of operations of the business. 2. RECESSION VS. BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT When recession strikes, it is the period when the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is negative. GDP is the total value of the annual output of goods and services produced within a nation's borders. It excludes the foreign output of domestic firms and includes the domestic output of foreign firms (Mankiw, 2008). Because of low GDP, companies' level of output they produce annually has been reduced. One common mistake of some companies during recession is when there is less money to go around, they will cut off their bu dgets. When this happens, it is inevitable to lay off key employees to reduce their expenses. When there's a decrease of employment rate in the economy, people will be earning lower incomes that will result to a decrease of consumer spending. Businesses then will be forced to lower the prices of their goods that will eventually cause a deflation (KCLAU, n.d.). The 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attack is an example in which local and national economies were pushed into recession. The Fiscal Policy Institute (2001) categorized the three types of direct effects of the WTC fall. First were the businesses that comprise the WTC area. Most of them are securities, insurance carrier, real estate operations and data processing services. Thousands of people working at the hotels, restaurants, banks and other establishments near the WTC lost their jobs, hence Lower Manhattan experienced decline of sales. Furthermore, other industries in New York were also greatly affected in the attac k. Example is the air transport industry which comprises 54,000 jobs was shut down for few days not just because of the attack but also most people were already scared to travel by air. This resulted to the decline of tourism. Lastly, the household spending in New York was reportedly made a huge impact during the attack and its aftermath. New York's annual consumption spending is over $200 billion. A 10% one month reduction in consumer spending was assumed by FPI resulting to 9600 job loss. Before the 9/11 attack, it was stated in the Info Security News Magazine of 2000 that 90% of losses will be reduced if an organisation had established beforehand an effective BCP in case of any unwanted event. After the attack, a study conducted that about 81% of CEOs had said that their company plans wouldn't be able to survive with that kind of incident (Naef, 2003). 3. OBJECTIVE CATEGORIES 3.1 STRATEGIC To fully understand the whole coverage of Business Continuity Management, an organization m ust begin first in the development of the business continuity strategies. These are courses of actions used in the development and implementation of business continuity plan which are approved, documented and funded by the management of the organization. The results of the

Supply Chain Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supply Chain - Coursework Example ate a rail network in stages in order to link the most important residential and industrial centers in the state, which will form an important part of the railway planned for the GCC network. Etihad Rail Mission: Provide a safe and sustainable passenger and freight transport railway system in the UAE through innovation and continuous improvement of technologies and practices. Etihad Rail is committed to three guiding principles: Safety and security, effective connectivity and economic growth and efficiency and sustainability. †¦Etihad Rail is the most preferred by customers who cite its impressive speeds of up to 120km/hr. and punctuality of departure and arrival times. The reason behind this is the availability of several electromotive engines at any one time thus preventing any delays. (Morgan 2014)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Good quality of customer care and the prompt acting on customer’s feedback that augurs well with customers. According to Etihad, the customers come first and they aim to satisfy them fully (John, 2011). Etihad has several electromotive engines on standby at any one time in case of any breakdown in the ones on operation. This facilitates immediate substitution in case of any delays...Additionally, it connects most of the centers of population in United Arab Emirates, assuring customers on the reliability of delivery.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Etihad rail conforms to customers’ expectations of good transport system. It is fast with speeds approaching 120 km/hour and departs and arrives on destinations in time. The prices are also relatively fair suiting most of the middle income travelers that make

Understanding Economic Policy Reform Essay Example for Free

Understanding Economic Policy Reform Essay What is the point of loudly proclaiming reforms if these are not aimed at improving the well-being of a large majority of the population? And if that is their goal, why should reforms be unpopular? In many areas of policy, there may ex1 Quoted by Jose Maria Maravall in Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira, Maravall, and Adam Przeworski (1993). â€Å" T ist â€Å"technical† uncertainty as to what the appropriate solution is to the problems at hand. Think of President Clinton’s health care plan, for example, or of global warming. Consequently, reforms will arouse opposition if they are viewed as applying the wrong fix or if they are perceived as being primarily redistributive (that is, zero-sum). What is remarkable about current fashions in economic development policy (as applied to both developing and transitional economies), however, is the extent of convergence that has developed on the broad outlines of what constitutes an appropriate economic strategy. This strategy emphasizes fiscal rectitude, competitive exchange rates, free trade, privatization, undistorted market prices, and limited intervention (save for encouraging exports, education, and infrastructure). Faith in the desirability and efficacy of these policies unites the vast majority of professional economists in the developed world who are concerned with issues of development. 2 2 The convergence is not complete of course. But compared to two decades ago, the various sides have moved substantially closer to each other. One indicator of this is the recent book by Bresser Pereira, Maravall, and Przeworski (1993), which advocates a â€Å"social democratic† approach. The views expressed in this book concede an inor- 9 10 Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXXIV (March 1996) we observe such instances of collective irrationality. The events of the last decade have underscored the need to understand the political-economy of policy making. One of the eventual consequences of the global debt crisis that erupted in 1982 was a wave of market-oriented economic reforms, the likes of which have never been seen. The reforms were strongest and most sustained in Latin America, where countries like Bolivia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil joined Chile in orthodoxy. But this was very much a global phenomenon. â€Å"Stabilization† and â€Å"structural adjustment† became the primary preoccupation of government leaders in Asia and Africa as well, even though the commitment to economic orthodoxy varied across countries and over time. These countries were in turn soon joined by the previously socialist economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Economists who had cut their teeth in Latin America’s economic quagmires became the advisors and analysts of these transitional economies. Even India, the giant archetype of a closed, import-substituting economy among developing countries, embarked on a process of economic liberalization in 1991 (see Jagdish Bhagwati 1993 and Arvind Panagariya 1994). These reforms were encouraging to economists and a vindication of sorts to those among them who had long advocated market-oriented reforms. But they in turn raise their own puzzles. Most fundamental of all, why are so many governments reforming now, after decades of adherence to policies of an opposite kind? This question poses a particularly important challenge to political economists: an understanding of these countries’ experiences now requires a theory that explains not only why seemingly dysfunctional policies had been initially un- Hence economists are often torn between two conflicting perspectives: on the one hand, good economic policy should produce favorable outcomes and therefore should prove also to be good politics; on the other hand, the implementation of good economic policy is often viewed as requiring â€Å"strong† and â€Å"autonomous† (not to say authoritarian) leadership. The experience of Chile, a country which has perhaps gone further than any other in implementing liberal economic policies, provides a good example. An essay on Chile’s reform strategy by Jose Pinera (1994), an economist and minister of labor and social security under General Pinochet, concludes: â€Å"[i]n the end, good policy is good politics† (p. 231). The irony is that most of the reforms the author glowingly discusses in the preceding pages required the suspension of normal politics and as heavy a dose of authoritarianism as seen anywhere. Good economics does often turn out to be good politics, but only eventually. Policies that work do become popular, but the time lag can be long enough for the relationship not to be exploitable by would-be reformers. In Chile’s case, free market policies (implemented after 1973) were eventually resoundingly endorsed in the presidential elections of 1989 and have become the envy of Latin America. 3 Conversely, bad economics can be popular, if only temporarily. President Alan Garcia’s popularity soared in Peru during his first two years in office (1985–86), thanks to expansionary fiscal policies whose medium-term unsustainability should have been obvious to anyone with common sense (see Ricardo Lago 1991). The puzzle is why dinate amount to the consensus view, and depart from it in remarkably few details. I will discuss this book in Section IV. 3 For a recent evaluation, see Barry Bosworth, Rudiger Dornbusch, and Ral Labn (1994). Rodrik: Understanding Economic Policy Reform dertaken and then maintained for so long, but also why these policies were suddenly abandoned en masse during the 1980s, often by the same politicians who had been among their most ardent supporters. Second, while the reforms were inspired at least in part by the East Asian experience, they took place much more quickly and, in many areas, are going considerably beyond those undertaken in East Asia. This raises the question of whether the new wave of reformers have internalized the correct lessons from the East Asian experience. Finally, are there any helpful rules for reformers to follow in guiding their policies through complicated political terrain? Can one hope to develop a â€Å"how-to† manual for the reformist politician? Puzzlement over such questions has led to a large and growing literature. A very short bibliography would include books by Merilee Grindle and John Thomas (1991), Robert Bates and Krueger (1993), Krueger (1993), Przeworski (1991), Ranis and Syed Mahmood (1992), Bresser Pereira, Maravall, and Przeworski (1993), Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman (1992), Dornbusch and Sebastian Edwards (1993), Haggard and Steven Webb (1994), Lance Taylor (1994), Williamson (1994), and Ian Little et al. (1993), not to mention countless papers. As this partial list indicates, both economists and political scientists have devoted their attention to these issues, often together in coauthored or coedited works. Indeed, no other area of economics or political science that I can think of has spawned so much interdisciplinary work. 5 In this essay, I will provide an econo4 One recent survey—Mariano Tommasi and Andres Velasco 1995—which overlaps with this one deserves special mention. 5 The litera ture on the economics of policy reform is of course even larger. For recent surveys, see Vittorio Corbo and Stanley Fischer (1995) and Rodrik (1995b). 1 mist’s perspective on the political economy of policy reform. I begin by examining the origins and analytical content of the new orthodoxy in development policy (Section II). I will focus here on two issues in particular which I feel remain in need of clarification. One of these concerns the distinction between (a) macroeconomic policies aimed at economic stability, such as fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies, and (b) liberalization policies aimed at structural reform and growth, such as the removal of relative-price distortions and the reduction of state intervention. It has become commonplace to conflate these two groups of policies, but for analytical purposes they are best kept apart. As we shall see, they also have different political-economy underpinnings. Moreover, maintaining the distinction reminds us that the consensus on what constitutes appropriate structural reform is based on much shakier theoretical and empirical grounds than is the consensus on the need for macroeconomic stability. The second issue concerns the appropriate lessons to be drawn from the experience of East Asian success stories. The new orthodoxy has tended to draw a somewhat biased picture that needs correction. Next, I will turn to the reforms of the 1980s and 1990s. This experience has opened an important window on the motivations of politicians, as well as on the nature of interactions between the economy and the polity. As indicated above, an important question is why so many countries have suddenly caught the reform bug. The confluence of economic crisis with reform has led to the natural supposition that crisis is the instigator of reform, a hypothesis that keeps reappearing in the literature and yet is inadequately analyzed.

Issues Analysis- Indigenous People Essay Example for Free

Issues Analysis- Indigenous People Essay As the British arrived on the land of the aboriginal people they hoped to absorb the aboriginal people into their culture to work in the new colony. The aboriginal people tried to avoid the settlers but as the land became more occupied contact became unavoidable. Governor Phillip wanted to avoid any unnecessary conflict so he treated the aboriginal people with kindness and ordered his soldiers not to shoot any of them. He captured many aboriginals and one of them was Bennelong. He wanted them to learn English and act as translators between the Indigenous groups and the British. There were clashes over the land and culture of Aboriginals and the British. Phillip ignorantly ordered his soldiers to fire at the Aboriginal people as he has already tried to civilise them and assimilate them into the British culture and society was not working as he had hoped. The Aboriginal peoples saw that the British settlers were putting up fences clearing the land, restricting access and introducing different animals; so they started to think that the British were invading, this lead to retaliation from the Aboriginals. By 1797, attitudes and policy toward the Indigenous peoples had changed. No longer did the government decide to assimilate the Indigenous peoples, but rather have a new policy and that was to ‘keep them out’. In 1800 Governor King had reported to the British government the number of Aboriginal people killed in fighting was far greater than the number of British people killed. The common response from the government to the Aboriginal resistance was to send expeditions of solders to punish any groups that threatened settlers and farms. These soldiers hunted and killed groups of Indigenous people that were thought to have been stealing stock, food and generally harassing the settlers. Government instructions after 1800 were to fire at all indigenous peoples until they were far away from British settlements. As the British settlement gotten bigger, the Indigenous peoples lost more and more of their land and many of their family members. They became more reliant on the British settlers to provide them food, shelter and water. As their traditional life was slowly eroding, many Aboriginal people started living on the outskirts of towns or started working as servants or slaves for the British settlements. The inability for the Aboriginal people to succeed in this era it caused a change in the European view of the time, that Indigenous peoples were inferior, and were unable to look after themselves or the land. However not all contact was violent with the British settlers and the Aboriginal people. At times there was friendly contact and peace. Some Aboriginal peoples voluntarily became part of the British society. There is also plenty of evidence that groups of Indigenous peoples helped Europeans when they were in trouble and this was quite often, as life for British settlers was extremely hard in the early years of the colony. British colonisation of Australian started in Sydney in 1788. The rapidly occurring consequences within weeks of the first colonists arrival was a wave of European epidemic diseases such as smallpox, chickenpox, influenza and measles. These diseases affected the largest population densities where these diseases could spread easier. The next consequence of British settlement was water resources and the management of land. The settlers viewed Indigenous Australians as Nomads with no civilised concept of land ownership, who could be charged from the land wanted for farming. The aboriginals would easily migrate elsewhere. The impact on the aboriginals was fatal as there was loss of traditional lands, water resources and food sources, as the communities were affected by European diseases. The spiritual and cultural cohesion and well-being was affected because of the communities being forced away from the traditional areas. The settlers brought sexually transmitted diseases, and indigenous Australians had no tolerance and therefore greatly reduced fertility and birth-rates. Settlers were responsible for introducing the alcohol, opium and tobacco, and substance abuse has remained a huge problem for Indigenous communities. The result of disease, loss of land and violence reduced the Aboriginal population by an estimated 90% between 1788 and1900. Smallpox alone killed more than 50% of the Aboriginal population. Up to 3000 white people were killed by Indigenous Australians in the frontier violence. Most Indigenous people became a significant source of labour. Most of the work was unpaid, instead they survived on the rations that the workers received such as forms of food, clothing ad other basic necessities. In many areas of Australia Christian missions donated food and clothing for the indigenous people and opened schools and orphanages for Indigenous children. In some places of Australia colonial governments provided some resources. In 1914 around 1200 Aboriginal people answered the call to arms as the war was desperate for new recruits. Many Indigenous people claimed they were Indian or cook islanders to avoid the laws of no indigenous people being in the defence force. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians#The_impact_of_British_settlement There are many health promoting strategies today such as ‘Two Ways Together: NSW Aboriginal Affairs Plan 2003-2012’, ‘COAG Agreement, they set six gaps for closing the disadvantage gap between the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people’, CEO performance agreements. Resetting the relationship with Indigenous Australians is important and this partnership must be respectful. It takes both parties to make a difference. Recent research by Reconciliation Australia indicates that Australians have a strong desire to better understand the Indigenous peoples. Acknowledging Indigenous disadvantage is a national responsibility that will require the engagement of the Australian Community. The government has committed to working in partnership with Indigenous Australians, businesses, state and territory governments and community organisations. http://www. skwirk. com. au/p-c_s-56_u-415_t-1040_c-4006/british-aboriginal-relations-1788-1820/qld/sose-history/first-australians-and-the-european-arrivals/settlement-1788-1850.

The History Of The Marxist Feminist Sociology Essay

The History Of The Marxist Feminist Sociology Essay Feminists fight for the equality of women and argue that women should share equally in societys opportunities and scare resources. Through the ages woman were seen as the production of children, mothers and wives, they do the cooking, cleaning, sewing and washing, they take care of their husbands and are largely excluded from high-status occupations and from position of power. Patriarchy is a society in which the oldest male is the leader of the family, or a society controlled by men in whom they use their power to their own advantage and is the inequality the women experience within the family and background. It is important to outline that not all feminists believe in the same concepts, that is some feminists come from different branches and they have their own ideal concept and ideologies. The development of feminism has led to attention being focused on the subordinate position of women in many societies. Most Feminists tend to see society as divided into different social groups which are: Marxist Feminist Marxist feminist focus on social institutions of private property and capitalism. Marxist see the male domination as the one who provides capitalism to the family while the woman will eventually stay at home to raise the children and supply of labour. Inequality does not stand from the economic system but in the patriarchy. Some argue that there is inequality, but its not man who is causing it or those women are weak but we analyse inequality with a boarder social system. Example: Margaret Benston (1970s) argues that womens labour power in family is unpaid and so they are seen as the secondary breadwinners of the family which result into cheap and easily exploitable labour. To pay woman for their work, even at minimum scale, would result into a massive redistribution of wealth. Mens/ Labourers work must compensate for two people: their own wage and that of the wife. According to Fran Ansley she sees the emotional support given by the wife when her own husband absorbs his own frustration and anger with her. Radical Feminist There are many varieties of radical families, in fact this is a theory of or by woman. The patriarchal or the male domination is the most universal form of domination and society which eventually forms the widest, suffering and deepest female oppression in society, regardless of your economic background, colour, and class. Womens oppression provides a conceptual model for understanding all other forms of oppression. E.g. the focus of Radical Feminists is largely on the violence that women suffer, and their social subjugation through violent behavior inflicted by men. They believe that this is what keeps women oppressed whether they are rich or poor, black or white, educated or illiterate. The focus of Radical feminism is therefore on fighting gender related violence. Separatist Radical Feminist state that there is no point in changing mens behaviour or attitude, woman must be separated from men to lead non-exploitative lives. Example: Delphy and Leonard (1992) see the family as an economic system and it revolves around labour relations in which men will benefit from. Feminists see the family as a way for men to dominate women, men are usually the head of the house hold and benefit from the work that gets done e.g. making dinner, cleaning, bringing up kids and so on. Liberal Feminist Liberal Feminism is based on gender equality which means that both genders should have equal pay, better working jobs condition, education, individual achievement etc. All people are created equal and should not be denied equality of opportunity because of gender. Liberal Feminists focus their efforts on social change through the construction of legislation and regulation of employment practices which should be set by society for girls and boys, and men and women. Gaining job opportunities and being paid and promoted equally in traditionally male-dominated occupations is an important goal to liberal feminist. Someone might ask but what do woman want? Liberal feminism answers: mostly, what men want: to get an education, to make a decent living, to provide for ones family. So, the primary obstacle to equality is sexism which means that there is a belief that the members of one sex are less intelligent, able, skilful, etc. than the members of the other sex, especially that women are les s able than men. In the above paragraph I described liberal feminism in theory of work that focuses more on issues like equality of workplace, in education, in political rights but it is important to outline that liberal feminism looks at situations which are more private. Example liberal feminists tend to support marriage as an equal partnership, and more male involvement when it comes to child care. Another example is that of domestic violence. Ending domestic violence and sexual harassment have to do with removing obstacles to women achieving on an equal level with men. Nowadays liberal feminist see that both genders are becoming equal and that it improved. Example: Jennifer Somerville (2000) encourages realistic policies which results into gender equality. Some modern men are voluntarily committed to sharing in those routines necessities of the family survival, even though men do not take full share of responsibilities. Difference Feminist Some feminist writers might disagree with the above aspects. Instead, they believe that ones experience might be different than that of another individual. For example: they do not believe that all husbands treat there wife badly or are equally disadvantaged in all types of work, or that looking after her children is a stressful thing. They only emphasis on the experience of womanhood by taking into consideration ones variables e.g. beliefs, employment, race, religion etc. still they do believe that woman are oppressed but they do not see it as affecting all women. Example a white rich woman lives in a more comfortable setting than that of a black poor woman.